Sunday, December 30, 2012

Corruption in Italy Threatens the Efficacy of Fiscal Stimulus


Sources:
The Telegraph (U.K.):  Making a killing on contracts: how Italy's Mafia has plundered EU building funds
NYT:  Corruption Is Seen as a Drain on Italy’s South 

Mafia led corruption continues to plague Southern Italy, leading to government inefficiency and a reduction in the efficacy of domestic and international infrastructural spending. 

The A3 highway has been at the epicenter of Italian corruption scandals. The highway, which spans an area from Salerno to Reggio Calabria, lies in one of the poorest regions in Italy. Located at the tip of the Southern peninsula, the area lacks high-speed rails, many other infrastructural amenities found elsewhere in the country, and has close to a 20 percent unemployment rate. The Italian government embarked on a plan to renovate the A3, along with other infrastructural projects, in 2001 after receiving funding from the European Union (EU). Since the inception of the project, construction has been completed on 169 miles of the 309-mile highway, and hundreds of people have been arrested in association with their involvement on the highway, mostly on charges of corruption and extortion. Sergio Rizzo, an author who focuses on political corruption, says that European money “did tremendous damage because the funds were used badly and, as some magistrates say, they also fed organized crime.”
             
Calabria, the region located in Italy’s Southern peninsula is dominated by the ‘Ndrangheta, an international crime syndicate. The ‘Ndrangheta has an annual income of 44 billion from a combination of drug smuggling, extortion, and public-sector graft, and while lesser know than its peers in Sicily or Naples, the ‘Ndrangheta’s reputation has increased greatly over the past decade.
            
 The ‘Ndrangheta plays a major role in public sector life in Calabria. On October 9, the provincial capital of Calabria, Reggio Calabria, dismissed all 30 members of the City Council and the mayor for suspected ties to the ‘Ndrangheta.  The move, which Italian Interior Minister Annamaria Cancelleri said was designed to prevent “mafia contagion,” came after months of criminal investigation.
             
Since 2007, over €3 billion has gone from the EU to Calabria, much of that for infrastructure projects, much of that to the ‘Ndrangheta.  While the EU has been able to recover €383 million appropriated to the A3, the potential for future fraud and mismanagement remains high. “The ‘Ndrangheta is like an octopus,” said anti-mafia magistrate Roberto di Palma, “whenever there is money, you will find its tentacles.”
             
The revelations into the corruption scandals come as the European Commission pushes for a 6.8 percent increase in its annual budget, much of that money going towards funding infrastructural projects in Southern and Eastern Europe. The A3 highways symbolizes a fear for many northern European countries that the Eurozone will develop into a welfare state where fiscal stimulus is misspent or lost to graft at taxpayers expense. While infrastructure spending can have enormous benefit, a challenge for the EU will be increasing oversight and accountability as they continue to fund infrastructural projects.

32 comments:

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Unknown said...
This comment has been removed by the author.
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4. Age: One Year, One Month
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6. Delivery: Bank to Bank swift.
7. Payment: MT-103 or MT760
8. Hard Copy: Bonded Courier within 7 banking days.

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4. Age: One Year, One Month
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We deliver with time and precision as sethforth in the agreement. Our terms and Conditions are reasonable, below is our instrument description.

The procedure is very simple; the instrument will be reserved on euro clear to be verified by your bank, after verification an arrangement will be made for necessary bank documents and stock testing expenses, the cost of the Bank Guarantee will be paid after the delivery of the MT760,

DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS:

1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG/SBLC) (Appendix A)
2. Total Face Value: Eur 5M MIN and Eur 10B MAX (Ten Billion USD).
3. Issuing Bank: HSBC Bank London, Credit Suisse and Deutsche Bank Frankfurt.
4. Age: One Year, One Month
5. Leasing Price: 6% of Face Value plus 2% commission fees to brokers.
6. Delivery: Bank to Bank swift.
7. Payment: MT-103 or MT760
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Unknown said...

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We are major/Direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC, POF, MTN, Bonds and CDs and this financial instruments are specifically for lease and sale.We are one of the leading Financial instrument providers with offices all over Europe. 
we always deliver on time and precision as Set forth in the agreement. You are at liberty to engage our leased facilities into trade programs, project financing, Credit line enhancement, Corporate Loans (Business Start-up Loans or Business Expansion Loans), Equipment Procurement Loans (Industrial Equipment, Air crafts, Ships, etc.) as well as other financial instruments issued from AAA Rated bank such as HSBC Bank Hong Kong, HSBC Bank London, Deutsche Bank AG Frankfurt, Barclays Bank , Standard Chartered Bank and others on lease at the lowest available rates depending on the face value of the instrument needed, Our Terms and Conditions are reasonable. 

DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS: 
1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG)/SBLC (Appendix A) 
2. Total Face Value: 10M MIN to 50B MAX USD or Euro 
3. Issuing Bank: HSBC, Deutsche Bank Frankfurt, UBS or any Top 25 . 
4. Age: One Year, One Day 
5. Leasing Price: 4 1% 
6. Sale Price: 32 2% 
7. Delivery by SWIFT . 
8. Payment: MT103-23 
9. Hard Copy: Bonded Courier within 7 banking days 

We are ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days, if interested do not hesitate to contact me direct. 

Name:May Gary 
Email:algecoglobalfinanceplc@gmail.com 
Skype::algecoglobalfinanceplc    
 

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WRIGHT said...

We are direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC and MTN which are specifically for lease, our bank instrument can be engage in PPP Trading, Discounting, signature project (s) such as Aviation, Agriculture, Petroleum, Telecommunication, construction of Dams, Bridges, Real Estate and all kind of projects. We do not have any broker chain in our offer or get involved in chauffer driven offers.

We deliver with time and precision as sethforth in the agreement. Our terms and Conditions are reasonable, below is our instrument description.

The procedure is very simple; the instrument will be reserved on euro clear to be verified by your bank, after verification an arrangement will be made for necessary bank documents and stock testing expenses, the cost of the Bank Guarantee will be paid after the delivery of the MT760,

DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS:

1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG/SBLC) (Appendix A)
2. Total Face Value: Eur 5M MIN and Eur 10B MAX (Ten Billion USD).
3. Issuing Bank: HSBC Bank London, Credit Suisse and Deutsche Bank Frankfurt.
4. Age: One Year, One Month
5. Leasing Price: 6% of Face Value plus 2% commission fees to brokers.
6. Delivery: Bank to Bank swift.
7. Payment: MT-103 or MT760
8. Hard Copy: Bonded Courier within 7 banking days.

We are ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days, if interested do not hesitate to contact me direct. wrightjames931@gmail.com

Regards,
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Skype;
wrightjames931@gmail.com

scott james said...

GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY/LEASE
AT THE BEST RATES AVAILABLE

We offer certified and verifiable bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
of taking up time bound transactions.

FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
LEASING FEE = 4%+2%

FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
PRICE = 32%+2%
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M

Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded, loan financing by providing you with yearly. RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days

Name : Scott james

Email : Inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com
Skype: Inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com

May Gary said...

We are major/Direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC, POF, MTN, Bonds and CDs and this financial instruments are specifically for lease and sale.We are one of the leading Financial instrument providers with offices all over Europe. 
We are major/Direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC, POF, MTN, Bonds and CDs and this financial instruments are specifically for lease and sale.We are one of the leading Financial instrument providers with offices all over Europe. 
we always deliver on time and precision as Set forth in the agreement. You are at liberty to engage our leased facilities into trade programs, project financing, Credit line enhancement, Corporate Loans (Business Start-up Loans or Business Expansion Loans), Equipment Procurement Loans (Industrial Equipment, Air crafts, Ships, etc.) as well as other financial instruments issued from AAA Rated bank such as HSBC Bank Hong Kong, HSBC Bank London, Deutsche Bank AG Frankfurt, Barclays Bank , Standard Chartered Bank and others on lease at the lowest available rates depending on the face value of the instrument needed, Our Terms and Conditions are reasonable. 

DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS: 
1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG)/SBLC (Appendix A) 
2. Total Face Value: 10M MIN to 50B MAX USD or Euro 
3. Issuing Bank: HSBC, Deutsche Bank Frankfurt, UBS or any Top 25 . 
4. Age: One Year, One Day 
5. Leasing Price: 4 1% 
6. Sale Price: 32 2% 
7. Delivery by SWIFT . 
8. Payment: MT103-23 
9. Hard Copy: Bonded Courier within 7 banking days 

We are ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days, if interested do not hesitate to contact me direct. 

Name:May Gary 
Email:algecoglobalfinanceplc@gmail.com 
Skype::algecoglobalfinanceplc    
 

scott james said...

GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY/LEASE
AT THE BEST RATES AVAILABLE

We offer certified and verifiable bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
of taking up time bound transactions.

FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
LEASING FEE = 4%+2%

FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
PRICE = 32%+2%
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M

Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded, loan financing by providing you with yearly. RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days

Name : Scott james

Email : Inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com
Skype: Inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com

May Gary said...

We are major/Direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC, POF, MTN, Bonds and CDs and this financial instruments are specifically for lease and sale.We are one of the leading Financial instrument providers with offices all over Europe. 
We are major/Direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC, POF, MTN, Bonds and CDs and this financial instruments are specifically for lease and sale.We are one of the leading Financial instrument providers with offices all over Europe. 
we always deliver on time and precision as Set forth in the agreement. You are at liberty to engage our leased facilities into trade programs, project financing, Credit line enhancement, Corporate Loans (Business Start-up Loans or Business Expansion Loans), Equipment Procurement Loans (Industrial Equipment, Air crafts, Ships, etc.) as well as other financial instruments issued from AAA Rated bank such as HSBC Bank Hong Kong, HSBC Bank London, Deutsche Bank AG Frankfurt, Barclays Bank , Standard Chartered Bank and others on lease at the lowest available rates depending on the face value of the instrument needed, Our Terms and Conditions are reasonable. 

DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS: 
1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG)/SBLC (Appendix A) 
2. Total Face Value: 10M MIN to 50B MAX USD or Euro 
3. Issuing Bank: HSBC, Deutsche Bank Frankfurt, UBS or any Top 25 . 
4. Age: One Year, One Day 
5. Leasing Price: 4 1% 
6. Sale Price: 32 2% 
7. Delivery by SWIFT . 
8. Payment: MT103-23 
9. Hard Copy: Bonded Courier within 7 banking days 

We are ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days, if interested do not hesitate to contact me direct. 

Name:May Gary 
Email:algecoglobalfinanceplc@gmail.com 
Skype::algecoglobalfinanceplc    
 

May Gary said...

We are major/Direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC, POF, MTN, Bonds and CDs and this financial instruments are specifically for lease and sale.We are one of the leading Financial instrument providers with offices all over Europe. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS: 
1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG)/SBLC (Appendix A) 
2. Total Face Value: 10M MIN to 50B MAX USD or Euro 
3. Issuing Bank: HSBC, Deutsche Bank Frankfurt, UBS or any Top 25 . 
4. Age: One Year, One Day 
5. Leasing Price: 4 1% 
6. Sale Price: 32 2% 
7. Delivery by SWIFT . 
8. Payment: MT103-23 
9. Hard Copy: Bonded Courier within 7 banking days 

We are ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days, if interested do not hesitate to contact me direct. 

Name:May Gary 
Email:algecoglobalfinanceplc@gmail.com 
Skype::algecoglobalfinanceplc    
 

SWEENEY said...

We are direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC, DTC IPIP, MT103/202 GPI CASH TRANSFER

and MTN which are specifically for lease, our bank instrument can be engage in PPP

Trading, Discounting, signature project (s) such as Aviation, Agriculture,

Petroleum, Telecommunication, construction of Dams, Bridges, Real Estate and all

kind of projects. We do not have any broker chain in our offer or get involved in

chauffer driven offers.

We deliver with time and precision as sethforth in the agreement. Our terms and

Conditions are reasonable, below is our instrument description.

The procedure is very simple; the instrument will be reserved on euro clear to be

verified by your bank, after verification an arrangement will be made for necessary

bank documents and stock testing expenses, the cost of the Bank Guarantee will be

paid after the delivery of the MT760,

DESCRIPTION OF INSTRUMENTS:

1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG/SBLC) (Appendix A)
2. Total Face Value: Eur 5M MIN and Eur 10B MAX (Ten Billion USD).
3. Issuing Bank: HSBC Bank London, Credit Suisse and Deutsche Bank Frankfurt.
4. Age: One Year, One Month
5. Leasing Price: 6% of Face Value plus 2% commission fees to brokers.
6. Delivery: Bank to Bank swift.
7. Payment: MT-103 or MT760
8. Hard Copy: Bonded Courier within 7 banking days.

We are ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days, if

interested do not hesitate to contact me direct. Email: sweeneymich70@gmail.com

Regards,
Sweeney
Skype:sweeneymich70@gmail.com
Email:sweeneymich70@gmail.com
We Offer Lease and Purchase BG,SBLC,DTC IPIP, MT103/202 GPI CASH TRANSFER AND MTN

SWEENEY said...

Finding a genuine provider of financial instrument is very challenging but we are

certified Financial Instrument providers in United Kingdom. Presently, we only focus

on BG/SBLC,DTC IPIP, MT103/202 GPI CASH TRANSFER, MTN, LOAN for Lease and Sale

transactions. However, our Lease BG/SBLC is 6+2% and Sale at 40+2%.

Should you find this interesting and acceptable? Kindly, contact us and we shall

review and respond with draft Contract/MOU within 48hrs maximum.

Please request for full procedure details if interested.

For further inquiry contact:
Sweeney
Skype:sweeneymich70@gmail.com

Email:sweeneymich70@gmail.com

Simon Federman said...

Dear sir,

I am a direct Mandate to a genuinely renowned Investment Finance Company offering Cash & Asset Backed Financial Instruments on Lease and Sale at the best rates and with the most feasible procedures.

Instruments offered can be put in all forms of trade and can be monetized or discounted for direct funding. For Inquiry contact.

Email: longmornprojectfinances@gmail.com

Skype: longmornprojectfinance@hotmail.com

Whatsapp : +1(661)262-9225

Warm Regards
Simon Federman.

scott james said...

GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY/LEASE
AT THE BEST RATES AVAILABLE

We offer certified and verifiable bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
of taking up time bound transactions.

FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
LEASING FEE = 4%+2%

FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
PRICE = 32%+2%
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M

Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded, loan financing by providing you with yearly. RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days

Name : Scott james

Email : Inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com
Skype: Inquiry.securedfunding@gmail.com

Mills Dachin said...

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Kelvin Bright said...

Dear Sir,

We are direct providers of Fresh Cut BG, SBLC and MTN which are specifically for lease, our bank instrument can be engage in PPP Trading, Discounting, signature project(s) such as Aviation, Agriculture, Petroleum, Telecommunication, construction of Dams, Bridges, Real Estate and all kind of projects. We do not have any broker chain in our offer or get involved in chauffeur driven offers.

We deliver with time and precision as sethforth in the agreement. Our terms and Conditions are reasonable, below is our instrument description.

The procedure is very simple; the instrument will be reserved on euro clear to be verified by your bank, after verification an arrangement will be made for necessary bank documents and stock testing expenses, the cost of the Bank Guarantee will be paid after the delivery of the MT760,
Description OF INSTRUMENTS:

1. Instrument: Bank Guarantee (BG/SBLC)
2. Total Face Value: Eur/USD 5M MIN and Eur/USD 10B MAX (Ten Billion EURO/USD).
3. Issuing Bank: HSBC Bank London, Barclay's bank London,Credit Suisse and Deutsche Bank Frankfurt.
4. Age: One Year, One Month
5. Leasing Price: 6% of Face Value plus 2% commission fees to brokers.
6. Delivery: Bank to Bank swift.
7. Payment: MT-103 or MT760
8. Hard Copy: Bonded Courier within 7 banking days.

We are ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days, if interested do not hesitate to contact me.


Regards,
kelvin Bright
Skype: kelvinbrigth84@gmail.com
Email: kelvinbrigth84@gmail.com
Phone/Whatsapp: +447546769978

Unknown said...

I am a financial consultant and have a very good and reputable Provider of some bank I am a fine instruments. We can only deliver fresh cut cash backed lease bank instruments {(BG/SBLC/LC/DC/MTN)} to you in accordance with our terms and conditions. Our bank instruments can serves as collateral as the case may be, which will enable you get loans from your bank so as to embark on any projects such as Aviation, Agriculture, Petroleum, Mining, Telecommunication, Construction of Dams, Real estate, Bridges, Trading, Importing and exporting and Other Turnkey Project (s) etc.

Also these instruments can be put in PPP, etc. Please let me know of your willingness to proceed and I will email you our terms and conditions
upon request.

Leasing Price : 6%+2%
Buying Price  : 38%+2%

Contact :Turnbull Darren
Email   : financialconceptltd@gmail.com
Skype   : financialconceptltd@gmail.com
BROKERS ARE WELCOME & 100% PROTECTED!!!

Unknown said...

GENUINE BANK GUARANTEE (BG) AND STANDBY LETTER OF CREDIT (SBLC) FOR BUY OR LEASE AT THE BEST AVAILABLE RATES
We offer certified and verifiable financial bank instruments via Swift Transmission from a genuine provider capable
of taking up time bound transactions.
FOR LEASING OF BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
LEASING FEE = 4%+2%
FOR PURCHASE OF FRESH CUT BG/SBLC
MINIMUM FACE VALUE OF BG/SBLC = EUR/USD 1M
PRICE = 32%+2%
Our BG/SBLC Financing can help you get your project funded,
loan financing by providing you with yearly.
RWA ready to close leasing with any interested client in few banking days
I will be glad to share with you our working procedures.
Name : Thomas Wolfgang
Email : inquiry.fastfunding@gmail.com
Skype : inquiry.fastfunding@gmail.com

Anonymous said...

I am the sole (Direct) mandate to several genuine efficient providers for lease/sales BG/ SBLC and other financial instruments, at reasonable prices, Issuance by top AAA rated Bank in Europe.Presently, we focus on BG/SBLC for Lease and Sale transactions, However, our Lease BG/SBLC/MTN is 3+1% and Sale at 30%+1%.

Should you find this interesting and acceptable? Kindly, contact us and we shall review and respond with DOA within 48hrs maximum.

Please request for full procedure details if interested.(WE MOVE FIRST)

For further inquiry contact:

C